Policies

Privacy

Author Guidelines

Terms & Conditions

Events

Privacy

Author Guidelines

General standards

Article length & Format

The article / manuscript length includes the main body of the text, images, footnotes, and all citations within it, and excludes the abstract, section titles, figure and table captions, funding statement, acknowledgments, and references in the bibliography.

As on date, the Reporters Club accepts the article to be published in a pdf / word file format with images as a complete document not more than 2MB in size. In addition, we accept one banner image of maximum 1 MB only for display on the portal. Please use a landscape image for better viewing when displayed in a list view on the site.

Language editing

Reporters Club requires manuscripts submitted to meet international English language standards to be considered for publication.

For authors who would like their manuscript to receive language editing or proofreading to improve the clarity of the manuscript and help highlight their research, you may use language-editing services provided by professionals, two of which are listed here.

Note that sending your manuscript for language editing does not imply or guarantee that it will be accepted for publication by the Reporters Club. Editorial decisions on the scientific content of a manuscript are independent of whether it has received language editing or proofreading by these partner services or other services.

Editage

Reporters Club recommends the language-editing service provided by our external partner Editage. These services may be particularly useful for researchers for whom English is not the primary language. They can help to improve the grammar, syntax, and flow of your manuscript prior to submission. You may seek a 10% discount on their rates.

The Charlesworth Group

Reporters Club recommends the Charlesworth Group’s author services, who has a long-standing track record in language editing and proofreading. You may seek a 10% discount on their rates.

Language style

The default language style at Reporters Club is American English. If you prefer your article to be formatted in British English, please specify this on the first page of your manuscript. For any questions regarding style, Reporters Club recommends authors to consult the Chicago Manual of Style.

Search engine optimization (SEO)

There are a few simple ways to maximize your article’s discoverability and search results.

Include a few of your article’s keywords in the title of the article.
Do not use long article titles.
Pick 5-8 keywords using a mix of generic and more specific terms on the article subject(s) and list them in the field provided while submitting the article.
Use the maximum amount of keywords in the first two sentences of the abstract
Use some of the keywords in level 1 headings.
Indicate the countries where your article may have more relevance.

Title

The title should be concise, omitting terms that are implicit and, where possible, be a statement of the main result or conclusion presented in the article or manuscript. Abbreviations should be avoided within the title.

Witty or creative titles are welcome, but only if relevant and within measure. Consider if a title meant to be thought-provoking might be misinterpreted as offensive or alarming. In extreme cases, the editorial office may veto a title and propose an alternative.

Authors should avoid:

titles that are a mere question without giving the answer
unambitious titles, for example starting with ‘Towards,’ ‘A description of,’ ‘A characterization of’ or ‘Preliminary study on’
vague titles, for example starting with ‘Role of’, ‘Link between’, or ‘Effect of’ that do not specify the role, link, or effect
including terms that are out of place, for example the taxonomic affiliation apart from species name.

For Corrigenda, General Commentaries, and Editorials, the title of your manuscript should have the following format.

‘Corrigendum: [Title of original article]’
General Commentaries:
‘Commentary: [Title of original article]’
‘Response: Commentary: [Title of original article]’
‘Editorial: [Title of Research Topic]’

Authors and affiliations

All names are listed together and separated by commas. Provide exact and correct author names as these will be indexed in official archives. Affiliations should be keyed to the author’s name with superscript numbers and be listed as follows:

Laboratory, Institute, Department, Organization, City, State abbreviation (only for United States, Canada, and Australia), and Country (without detailed address information such as city zip codes or street names).

Example: Max Maximus1
1 Department of Excellence, International University of Science, New York, NY, United States.

Correspondence

The corresponding author(s) should be marked with an asterisk in the author list. Provide the exact contact email address of the corresponding author(s) in a separate section.

Example: Max Maximus*
maximus@iuscience.edu

If any authors wish to include a change of address, list the present address(es) below the correspondence details using a unique superscript symbol keyed to the author(s) in the author list.

Equal contributions

The authors who have contributed equally should be marked with a symbol (†) in the author list of the doc/latex and pdf files of the manuscript uploaded at submission.

Please use the appropriate standard statement(s) to indicate equal contributions:

Equal contribution: These authors contributed equally to this work
First authorship: These authors share first authorship
Senior authorship: These authors share senior authorship
Last authorship: These authors share last authorship
Equal contribution and first authorship: These authors contributed equally to this work and share first authorship
Equal contribution and senior authorship: These authors contributed equally to this work and share senior authorship
Equal contribution and last authorship: These authors contributed equally to this work and share last authorship

Example: Max Maximus 1†, John Smith2† and Barbara Smith1
†These authors contributed equally to this work and share first authorship

Consortium/group and collaborative authors

Consortium/group authorship should be listed in the manuscript with the other author(s).

In cases where authorship is retained by the consortium/group, the consortium/group should be listed as an author separated by a comma or ‘and’. The consortium/group name will appear in the author list, in the citation, and in the copyright. If provided, the consortium/group members will be listed in a separate section at the end of the article.

For the collaborators of the consortium/group to be indexed, provide a section with the name of the consortium/group as the heading followed by the list of collaborators, so they can be tagged accordingly and indexed properly.

Example: John Smith, Barbara Smith and The Collaborative Working Group.

In cases where work is presented by the author(s) on behalf of a consortium/group, it should be included in the author list separated with the wording ‘for’ or ‘on behalf of.’ The consortium/group will not retain authorship and will only appear in the author list.

Example: John Smith and Barbara Smith on behalf of The Collaborative Working Group.

Artificial intelligence

These guidelines cover acceptable uses of generative AI technologies such as Large Language Models (ChatGPT, Jasper) and text-to-image generators (DALL-E 2, Midjourney, Stable Diffusion) in the writing or editing of manuscripts submitted to Reporters Club .

AI use by authors

Authors should not list a generative AI technology as a co-author or author of any submitted manuscript. Generative AI technologies cannot be held accountable for all aspects of a manuscript and consequently do not meet the criteria required for authorship.

If the author of a submitted manuscript has used written or visual content produced by or edited using a generative AI technology, this use must follow all Reporters Club guidelines and policies. Specifically, the author is responsible for checking the factual accuracy of any content created by the generative AI technology. This includes, but is not limited to, any quotes, citations or references. Figures produced by or edited using a generative AI technology must be checked to ensure they accurately reflect the data presented in the manuscript. Authors must also check that any written or visual content produced by or edited using a generative AI technology is free from plagiarism.

If the author of a submitted manuscript has used written or visual content produced by or edited using a generative AI technology, such use must be acknowledged in the acknowledgements section of the manuscript and the methods section if applicable. This explanation must list the name, version, model, and source of the generative AI technology.
We encourage authors to upload all input prompts provided to a generative AI technology and outputs received from a generative AI technology in the supplementary files for the manuscript.

Abstract

As a primary goal, the abstract should make the general significance and conceptual advance of the work clearly accessible to a broad readership. The abstract should be no longer than a single paragraph and should be structured, for example, according to the IMRAD format. For the specific structure of the abstract, authors should follow the requirements of the article type or journal to which they’re submitting. Minimize the use of abbreviations and do not cite references, figures or tables.

For clinical trial articles, please include the unique identifier and the URL of the publicly-accessible website on which the trial is registered.

Keywords

Articles with keywords are better indexed on the WWW. Write 5 to 9 keywords in the space provided.

Text

The entire document should be single-spaced and must contain page and line numbers in order to facilitate the review process. The article or manuscript should be written using either Word or PDF.

Nomenclature

The use of abbreviations should be kept to a minimum. Non-standard abbreviations should be avoided unless they appear at least four times, and must be defined upon first use in the main text. Consider also giving a list of non-standard abbreviations at the end, immediately before the acknowledgments.

Equations should be inserted in editable format from the equation editor.

Italicize gene symbols and use the approved gene nomenclature where it is available. For human genes, please refer to the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC). New symbols for human genes should be submitted to the HGNC here. Common alternative gene aliases may also be reported, but should not be used alone in place of the HGNC symbol. Nomenclature committees for other species are listed here. Protein products are not italicized.

We encourage the use of Standard International Units in all manuscripts.

Chemical compounds and biomolecules should be referred to using systematic nomenclature, preferably using the recommendations by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).

Astronomical objects should be referred to using the nomenclature given by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) provided here.

Life Science Identifiers (LSIDs) for ZOOBANK registered names or nomenclatural acts should be listed in the manuscript before the keywords. An LSID is represented as a uniform resource name (URN) with the following format: urn:lsid:<Authority>:<Namespace>:<ObjectID>[:<Version>]

For more information on LSIDs please see the ‘Code’ section of our policies and publication ethics.

Sections

The manuscript is organized by headings and subheadings. The section headings should be those appropriate for your field and the research itself. You may insert up to 5 heading levels into your manuscript (i.e.,: 3.2.2.1.2 Heading Title).

For Original Research articles, it is recommended to organize your manuscript in the following sections or their equivalents for your field.

Introduction
Succinct, with no subheadings.

Materials and methods
This section may be divided by subheadings and should contain sufficient detail so that when read in conjunction with cited references, all procedures can be repeated. For experiments reporting results on animal or human subject research, an ethics approval statement should be included in this section (for further information, see the ‘Bioethics’ section of our policies and publication ethics.)

Results
This section may be divided by subheadings. Footnotes should not be used and must be transferred to the main text.

Discussion
This section may be divided by subheadings. Discussions should cover the key findings of the study: discuss any prior research related to the subject to place the novelty of the discovery in the appropriate context, discuss the potential shortcomings and limitations on their interpretations, discuss their integration into the current understanding of the problem and how this advances the current views, speculate on the future direction of the research, and freely postulate theories that could be tested in the future.

For further information, please check the descriptions defined in the journal’s ‘Article types’ page, in the ‘For authors’ menu on every journal page.

Acknowledgements

This is a short text to acknowledge the contributions of specific colleagues, institutions, or agencies that aided the efforts of the authors. Should the content of the manuscript have previously appeared online, such as in a thesis or preprint, this should be mentioned here, in addition to listing the source within the reference list.

Scope statement

When you submit your manuscript, you will be required to summarize in 200 words your manuscript’s scope and its relevance to the journal and/or specialty section you’re submitting to. The aim is to convey to editors and reviewers how the contents of your manuscript fit within the selected journal’s scope.

This statement will not be published with your article if it is accepted for publication. The information will be used during the initial validation and review processes to assess whether the manuscript is a suitable fit for the chosen journal and specialty.

We encourage you to consider carefully where to submit your manuscript, as submissions to an unsuitable journal or specialty will result in delays and increase the likelihood of manuscript rejection.

If you are submitting to a Research Topic, please also clarify how your submission is suited to the specific topic.

Figure and table guidelines

Permission must be obtained for use of copyrighted material from other sources (including re-published/adapted/modified/partial figures and images from the internet). It is the responsibility of the authors to acquire the licenses, follow any citation instructions requested by third-party rights holders, and cover any supplementary charges.

For additional information, please see the ‘Image manipulation’ section of our policies and publication ethics.

Figure requirements and style guidelines

With formatting facilities in both MS Word and Adobe Pdf, authors can preformat articles and submit. In addition, Reporters Club requires figures to be submitted individually, in the same order as they are referred to in the manuscript; kindly ensure that each figure is mentioned in the text and in numerical order.

For graphs, there must be a self-explanatory label (including units) along each axis.

As on date Reporters Club allows one banner image / figure. If you want to upload more images, place them in the document (pdf / docx) being submitted.

Please note that figures not in accordance with the guidelines may cause substantial delay during the production process.

Captions

Captions should be preceded by the appropriate label, for example ‘Figure 1.’ Figure captions should be placed at the end of the manuscript.

Image size and resolution requirements

Figures should be prepared with the PDF layout in mind. Individual figures should not be longer than one page and with a width that corresponds to 1 column (85 mm) or 2 columns (180 mm).

All images must have a resolution of 300 dpi at final size. Check the resolution of your figure by enlarging it to 150%. If the image appears blurry, jagged, or has a stair-stepped effect, the resolution is too low.

The text should be legible and of high quality. The smallest visible text should be no less than eight points in height when viewed at actual size.

Solid lines should not be broken up. Any lines in the graphic should be no smaller than two points wide.

Format and color image mode

The following formats are accepted: JPEG (.jpg), PNG (.png), GIF (.gif). Images must be submitted in the color mode RGB.

Chemical structures

Chemical structures should be prepared using ChemDraw or a similar program. Please follow the guidelines below.

Drawing settings: chain angle, 120° bond spacing, 18% width; fixed length, 14.4 pt; bold width, 2.0 pt; line width, 0.6 pt; margin width, 1.6 pt; hash spacing, 2.5 pt. Scale 100% Atom Label settings: font, Arial; size, 8 pt
Assign all chemical compounds a bold, Arabic numeral in the order in which the compounds are presented in the manuscript text.

Table requirements and style guidelines

Tables should be inserted at the end of the manuscript in an editable format. If you use a word processor, build your table in Word / Excel

Table captions must be placed immediately before the table. Captions should be preceded by the appropriate label, for example ‘Table 1.’ Please use only a single paragraph for the caption.

Ensure that each table is mentioned in the text and in numerical order.

Large tables covering several pages cannot be included in the final PDF for formatting reasons. These tables will be published as supplementary material.

Tables which are not according to the above guidelines may cause substantial delay during the production process.

Accessibility

We encourage authors to make the figures and visual elements of their articles accessible for the visually impaired. An effective use of color can help people with low visual acuity, or color blindness, understand all the content of an article.

These guidelines are easy to implement and are in accordance with the W3C Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.1), the standard for web accessibility best practices.

Ensure sufficient contrast between text and its background
People who have low visual acuity or color blindness could find it difficult to read text with low contrast background color. Try using colors that provide maximum contrast.

WC3 recommends the following contrast ratio levels:

Level AA, contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1
Level AAA, contrast ratio of at least 7:1

You can verify the contrast ratio of your palette with these online ratio checkers:

Avoid using red or green indicators
More than 99% of color-blind people have a red-green color vision deficiency.

Avoid using only color to communicate information
Elements with complex information like charts and graphs can be hard to read when only color is used to distinguish the data. Try to use other visual aspects to communicate information, such as shape, labels, and size. Incorporating patterns into the shape fills also make differences clearer; for an example please see below:

Supplementary material

Data that are not of primary importance to the text, or which cannot be included in the article because they are too large or the current format does not permit it (such as videos, raw data traces, and PowerPoint presentations), can be uploaded as supplementary material during the submission procedure and will be displayed along with the published article. All supplementary files are deposited to figshare for permanent storage and receive a DOI.

Supplementary material is not typeset, so please ensure that all information is clearly presented without tracked changes/highlighted text/line numbers, and the appropriate caption is included in the file. To avoid discrepancies between the published article and the supplementary material, please do not add the title, author list, affiliations or correspondence in the supplementary files.

The supplementary material can be uploaded as:

data sheet (Word, Excel, PDF or Zip files)
presentation (PowerPoint, PDF or Zip files)
image (JPEG, PNG or Gif),
table (Word, Excel, CSV or PDF)
later: audio (MP3, WAV or WMA)
Later video (AVI, DIVX, FLV, MOV, MP4, MPEG, MPG or WMV).

Technical requirements for supplementary images:

300 DPIs
RGB color mode.

References

Submissions to Reporters Club must be grounded in relevant and up to date peer-reviewed, academic research, and this should be reflected in the accompanying reference lists.

Authors are welcome to use online referencing tools in preparation of their manuscript. Some useful resources include RefMe, Zotero, and Mendeley.

The citation of non-academic and non-peer-reviewed sources (e.g. blog posts, website content), as well as anonymous sources or commercial websites should be avoided or kept to a minimum
Authors should avoid citing content that is not directly relevant to the scope of the article and the journal
Reference lists should reflect the current status of knowledge in the field, avoid bias, and not include a high proportion of citations to the same authors or sources, school of thought, etc.
The length of the reference list should be appropriate depending on the article type, covering the relevant literature through sufficient referencing
Authors should ensure that references are accurate, that all links are accessible, and that the citations/references adhere to the reference styles outlined below

Reporters Club ‘ journals use one of two reference styles, either Harvard (author-date) or Vancouver (numbered). These formats should be adhered to for the in-text citations and the reference lists. Please check our help center to find the correct style for the journal to which you’re submitting.

All citations of published works in the text, figures, or tables must be in the reference list and vice-versa.
The names of the first six authors followed by et al. and the DOI (when available) should be provided.
Given names of authors should be abbreviated to initials (e.g. Smith, J., Lewis, C.S., etc.).
The reference list should only include articles that are published or accepted.
Unpublished data, submitted manuscripts, or personal communications should be cited within the text only, for article types that allow such inclusions. Where additional details are available, these will be included as footnotes.
For accepted but unpublished works use ‘in press’ instead of page numbers.
Data sets that have been deposited to an online repository should be included in the reference list. Include the version and unique identifier when available.
Personal communications should be documented by a letter of permission.
Website URLs should be included as footnotes.
Any inclusion of verbatim text must be contained in quotation marks and should clearly reference the original source.
Preprints can be cited provided that a DOI or archive URL is available, and the citation clearly mentions that the contribution is a preprint. If a peer-reviewed journal publication for the same preprint exists, the official journal publication is the preferred source. See the preprints section for each reference style below for more information.

Harvard reference style (author-date)

Reference examples for Reporters Club ’ journals using the Harvard referencing system can be found below. For examples of other sources, and for general questions regarding the Harvard reference style, please refer to the Chicago Manual of Style.

References should include the full last name and first name initials of the first six authors, followed by et al. and the year of publication in brackets.
Alphabetical order is followed for the reference list.

Reference guidelines – Harvard

Source	Reference list entry	In-text citation
Article in a print journal	Sondheimer, N., and Lindquist, S. (2000). Rnq1: an epigenetic modifier of protein function in yeast. Mol. Cell. 5, 163-172.	(Sondheimer and Lindquist, 2000)
Article in an online journal	Tahimic, C.G.T., Wang, Y., Bikle, D.D. (2013). Anabolic effects of IGF-1 signaling on the skeleton. Front. Endocrinol. 4:6. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00006	(Tahimic et al., 2013)
Article or chapter in a book	Sorenson, P. W., and Caprio, J. C. (1998). “Chemoreception,” in The Physiology of Fishes, ed. D. H. Evans (Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press), 375-405.	(Sorenson and Caprio, 1998)
Book	Cowan, W. M., Jessell, T. M., and Zipursky, S. L. (1997). Molecular and Cellular Approaches to Neural Development. New York: Oxford University Press.	(Cowan et al., 1997)
Abstract	Hendricks, J., Applebaum, R., and Kunkel, S. (2010). A world apart? Bridging the gap between theory and applied social gerontology. Gerontologist 50, 284-293. Abstract retrieved from Abstracts in Social Gerontology database. (Accession No. 50360869)	(Hendricks et al., 2010)
Website	World Health Organization. (2018). E. coli. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/e-coli [Accessed March 15, 2018].	(World Health Organisation, 2018)
Patent	Marshall, S. P. (2000). Method and apparatus for eye tracking and monitoring pupil dilation to evaluate cognitive activity. U.S. Patent No 6,090,051. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.	(Marshall, 2000)
Data	Perdiguero P, Venturas M, Cervera MT, Gil L, Collada C. Data from: Massive sequencing of Ulms minor’s transcriptome provides new molecular tools for a genus under the constant threat of Dutch elm disease. Dryad Digital Repository. (2015) http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.ps837	(Perdiguero et al., 2015)
Theses and dissertations	Smith, J. (2008) Post-structuralist discourse relative to phenomological pursuits in the deconstructivist arena. [dissertation/master’s thesis]. [Chicago (IL)]: University of Chicago	(Smith, 2008)
Preprint	Smith, J. (2008). Title of the document. Preprint repository name [Preprint]. Available at: https://persistent-url (Accessed March 15, 2018).	(Smith, 2008)
One author	Hesse-Biber, S. (2010). Qualitative Approaches to Mixed Methods Practice. Qualitative Inquiry, 16(6), 455-468. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800410364611	(Hesse-Biber, 2010)
Two authors	Duvail, S., Hamerlynck, O. (2007) The Rufiji River flood: plague or blessing?. Int. J. Biometeorol. 52, 33–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-007-0105-8	(Duvail and Hamerlynck, 2007)
More than two authors	Leemhuis C, Thonfeld F, Näschen K, Steinbach S, Muro J, Strauch A, López A, Daconto G, Games I, Diekkrüger B. (2017) Sustainability in the Food-Water-Ecosystem Nexus: The Role of Land Use and Land Cover Change for Water Resources and Ecosystems in the Kilombero Wetland, Tanzania. Sustainability. 9(9):1513. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9091513	(Leemhuis et al., 2017)
Same author(s); same year	Huang, X-G. (2016a). Electromagnetic fields and anomalous transports in heavy-ion collisions—a pedagogical review. Rep. Prog. Phys. 79 076302. doi: 10.1088/0034-4885/79/7/076302 Huang, X-G. (2016b). Simulating Chiral Magnetic and Separation Effects with Spin-Orbit Coupled Atomic Gases. Scientific Reports. 6:20601. doi: 10.1038/srep20601	(Huang, 2016a, 2016b)
Same author(s); different years	Sedrakian, A. (2007). The physics of dense hadronic matter and compact stars. Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics. 58(1):168-246. doi: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2006.02.002 Sedrakian, A. (2016). Axion cooling of neutron stars. Phys. Rev. D 93:065044. doi. 10.1103/PhysRevD.93.065044	(Sedrakian, 2007, 2016)
Same first author; different author list	Quimque, M. T., Notarte, K. I., Letada, A., Fernandez, R. A., and Pilapil, D. Y. 4th., Pueblos, K.R., Agbay, J.C., Dahse, H.M., Wenzel-Storjohann, A., Tasdemir, D., Khan, A., Wei, D.Q., Gose Macabeo, A.P. (2021a). Potential Cancer- and Alzheimer’s Disease-Targeting Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors fromUvaria alba: Insights from In Vitro and Consensus Virtual Screening. ACS Omega. 6, 8403–8417. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00137 Quimque, M. T. J., Notarte, K. I. R., Fernandez, R. A. T.,Mendoza,M. A. O., Liman, R. A. D., Lim, J. A. K., et al. (2021b). Virtual screening-driven drug discovery of SARSCoV2 enzyme inhibitors targeting viral attachment, replication, post-translational modification and host immunity evasion infection mechanisms. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 39, 4316–4333. doi: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1776639	(Quimque et al., 2021a; Quimque et al., 2021b)
Different authors; same surname	Khan, S. M., Khan, M., Alouffi, A., Almutairi, M. M., Numan, M., Ullah, S., et al. (2023). Phylogenetic position of Haemaphysalis kashmirensis and Haemaphysalis cornupunctata, with Notes on Rickettsia spp. Genes. 14, 360. doi: 10.3390/genes14020360 Khan, Z., Shehla, S., Alouffi, A., Kashif Obaid, M., Zeb Khan, A., Almutairi, M. M., et al. (2022). Molecular survey and genetic characterization of Anaplasma marginale in ticks collected from livestock hosts in Pakistan. Animals. 12, 1708. doi: 10.3390/ani12131708	(Khan Z. et al., 2022; Khan S. M. et al., 2023)
Publishing in a Humanities and Social Sciences journal	Farrell, H. (2012). The Consequences of the Internet for Politics. Annual Review Political Science. 15, 35-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-030810-110815	(Farrell, 2012, p. 40)
Personal communications		“We thank L. Li (personal communication, December, 2018) for noting this ambiguity.”

Vancouver reference style (numbered)

Reference examples for Reporters Club ’ journals using the Vancouver referencing system can be found below. For more examples of citing other documents and general questions regarding the Vancouver reference style, please refer to Citing Medicine.

In-text citations in the Vancouver reference style should be numbered consecutively in order of appearance in the text and identified by Arabic numerals in parenthesis.
Use square brackets for physics and mathematics articles.
The abbreviation ‘Ref’ should not be used, e.g.: [e.g., (1)] should NOT read [e.g. Ref. (1)].
Style for comparing a citation should follow the number format, e.g. [cf. (1)]. The same applies when using ‘see’, e.g. [see (46)].
References should be numbered and listed chronologically, according to the order they appear in the text.

Reference guidelines – Vancouver

Source	Reference list entry	In-text citation
Article in a print journal	1. Sondheimer N, Lindquist S. Rnq1: an epigenetic modifier of protein function in yeast. Mol Cell. (2000) 5:163-172.	(1)
Article in an online journal	2. Tahimic CGT, Wang Y, Bikle DD. Anabolic effects of IGF-1 signaling on the skeleton. Front Endocrinol. (2013) 4:6. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00006	(2)
Article or chapter in a book	3. Sorenson PW, Caprio JC. “Chemoreception”. In: Evans DH, editor. The Physiology of Fishes. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press (1998). p. 375-405.	(3)
Book	4. Cowan WM, Jessell TM, Zipursky SL. Molecular and Cellular Approaches to Neural Development. New York: Oxford University Press. (1997). p. 345.	(4)
Abstract	5. Christensen S, Oppacher F. An analysis of Koza’s computational effort statistic for genetic programming. In: Foster JA, editor. Genetic Programming. EuroGP 2002: Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Genetic Programming; 2002 Apr 3–5; Kinsdale, Ireland. Berlin: Springer. (2002). p. 182–91.	(5)
Website	6. World Health Organization. E. coli. (2018).https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/e-coli[Accessed March 15, 2018].	(6)
Patent	7. Pagedas AC, inventor; Ancel Surgical R&D Inc., assignee. Flexible Endoscopic Grasping and Cutting Device and Positioning Tool Assembly. United States patent US 20020103498. (2002).	(7)
Data	8. Perdiguero P, Venturas M, Cervera MT, Gil L, Collada C. Data from: Massive sequencing of Ulms minor’s transcriptome provides new molecular tools for a genus under the constant threat of Dutch elm disease. Dryad Digital Repository. (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.ps837	(8)
Theses and dissertations	9. Smith J. (2008) Post-structuralist discourse relative to phenomenological pursuits in the deconstructivist arena [dissertation/master’s thesis]. Chicago (IL): University of Chicago. (2008).	(9)
Preprint	10. Kingma DP, Ba J. Adam: A method for stochastic optimization. arXiv [preprint]. (2014). Available at: https://arxiv.org/abs/1412.6980 (Accessed June 20, 2014).	(10)
Unpublished reference		“We thank L. Li (personal communication, December, 2018) for noting this ambiguity.”
Named citation – One author	20. Hesse-Biber S. Qualitative Approaches to Mixed Methods Practice. Qualitative Inquiry. (2010) 16(6): 455-468. doi: 10.1177/1077800410364611	“Hesse-Biber (20) found…”
Named citation – Two authors	43. Duvail S, Hamerlynck O. The Rufiji River flood: plague or blessing?. Int J Biometeorol. (2007) 52:33–42. doi: 10.1007/s00484-007-0105-8	“… as stated by Duvail and Hamerlynck (43).”
Named citation – Multiple authors	44. Leemhuis C, Thonfeld F, Näschen K, Steinbach S, Muro J, Strauch A, et al. Sustainability in the Food-Water-Ecosystem Nexus: The Role of Land Use and Land Cover Change for Water Resources and Ecosystems in the Kilombero Wetland, Tanzania. Sustainability. (2017) 9(9):1513. doi: 10.3390/su9091513	“In research conducted by Leemhuis et al. (44)…”
Multiple citations	8. Yuan S, Yao X, Yang H, Zhang Y, Liu H, Sun J, et al. Research note: genetic diversity of duck circoviruses circulating in partial areas of Guangdong province, southern China. Poult Sci. (2022) 101:102032. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102032 … 29. Liu H, Li LX, Sun WC, Shi N, Sun XT, Jin NY, et al. Molecular survey of duck circovirus infection in poultry in southern and southwestern China during 2018 and 2019. BMC Vet Res. (2020) 16:80. doi: 10.1186/s12917-020-02301-x 30. Zhang X, Jiang S, Wu J, Zhao Q, Sun Y, Kong Y, et al. An investigation of duck circovirus and co-infection in Cherry Valley ducks in Shandong Province, China. Vet Microbiol. (2009) 133:252–6. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.07.005	“… reported in these regions (8, 29, 30), are…”
Publishing in physics or mathematics	1. Lee YT, Vardi A, Tordjman M. A hybrid self-aligned MIS-MESFET architecture for improved diamond-based transistors. Appl Phys Lett (2020) 117:202101. doi:10.1063/5.0023662	“…including transistors [1]…”

Terms & Conditions

Events

REPORTERS CLUB

OPEN SOURCE

Powered by EET